The facility offers protein expression, purification and characterization. Proteins are expressed in bacterial, insect and mammalian cells, which supply the expression and modification requirements for a comprehensive variety of proteins for wide variety of biological assays. The proteins may be used in structural biology, protein-ligand and protein-protein interaction studies, and in development of diagnostics.
Customer provides expression vector and the expression will be first confirmed utilizing bottle or plate cultures (makes it also possible to optimize growth media). After positive results the production may be performed by using bottles in shakers or with small scale fermentor.
The bioreactor laboratory service offers protein production in bacterial host in 4.5 l batches using Labfors Infors 3 fermentor. The accurately controlled growth conditions enable higher cell densities and better product quality than by using conventional bottle cultures.
PS sends the final products to the customer and reports SDS-PAGE and Western Blot results (customer is asked to provide antibodies for WB if not usual antibody is available).
Baculovirus Expression Vector System (BEVS)
Customer provides the desired insert in plasmid donor vector and is asked to confirm the clone by DNA sequencing. If necessary, DNA sequencing can be done also in the University of Tampere.
Note! PS kindly asks to measure and label the concentration of the plasmid provided (min 5 ng, V=25 µl).
The donor plasmid is used to prepare three to six bacmids, which are confirmed by PCR and then three of them are transfected to the Sf9 insect cells (optionally HighFiveTM cells). Volume of secondary virus (P2) is typically 50 ml and expression of protein is confirmed by Western Blot from cell pellet and medium (antibodies against possible purification tag or provided by customer). Virus is stock up for one month and can be used to optimize the expression or for possible production scale-up up to 4.5 L in aliquots of 500 ml. Moreover, protein purification with His-tag or Strept-tag is also possible.
The mammalian cell line for transfection, expression, and large-scale recombinant protein production
Customer provides the desired cDNA in suitable plasmid vector and is asked to confirm the clone by sequencing. If necessary, DNA sequencing can be done also in the University of Tampere.
Expression vector is transfected to the mammalian cells (CHO-S or HEK 293F) prior to four weeks long cell line selection. SDS-PAGE and Western blot is done from pilot scale expression to confirm protein expression. Cell lines are stored for four months so they can be used to the further expression. Decision of scale-up is asked to give in a month. In scale up, cells are first adapted to the suspension growth, and protein expression is confirmed with SDS-PAGE and Western blot from 50 ml patch. This step takes about two weeks, and then scale up to the 5 L is possible.
Protein Isolation, Purification, and Characterization
Host cells are collected by centrifugation and lysed by using either a high-power sonicator or high-pressure homogenizator Emulsiflex. Protein isolation and purification is typically done by chromatographic methods. The protein quality can be evaluated by several methods, including analytical gel filtration, SDS-PAGE, 2-D electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering, calorimetric methods and biosensors. Protein crystallization services are also provided. Proteins can be delivered either in solution or as freeze-dried.
Equipment tab provides a brief summary of the methods and instrumentation available.
Chromatography systems. The facility has three complete ÄKTA chromatography systems installed for preparative chromatography work and they all include UV/VIS and conductivity detectors and are equipped with fraction collectors. One of the instruments is equipped with sample pump and pH electrode. We have also Shimadzu/Malver instrument especially suitable for analytical chromatography. This instrument has gradient pump, autosampler and fraction collector, and it is equipped with UV/VIS, fluorescence, DLS and SLS detectors. Location: Kauppi campus, Arvo building, laboratory E343
Dynamic light scattering (DLS) allows study of particle size from hydrodynamic diameter of 1 nm (size of sucrose molecule) and particle size distribution (homogeneity) in soluble samples. In addition, it is possible to measure Zeta potential which is a measure of the magnitude of the repulsion or attraction between particles. The significance of zeta potential is that it can be related to the stability of particle dispersions and allows one to find suitable conditions for samples (proteins, virus particles, nanoparticles etc). DLS is thus efficient method both in protein characterization and in protein formulation. Location: Kauppi campus, Arvo building, laboratory E301
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is primarily used to characterize stability and folding of macromolecules such as proteins. In addition, it can be used to screen protein-ligand interactions, because when a ligand preferentially binds to the native form of a protein, the protein is stabilized and the thermal transition midpoint (Tm) of the protein-ligand complex is higher than that of the protein in the absence of ligand. Therefore, DSC can be used for ligands with ultra-tight binding constants (1020 M-1) that cannot be measured by other methods, as well as a high throughput screening assay for drug discovery (up to 50 samples per day). The DSC instrument is equipped with refrigerated autosampler, enabling large sample sets. Location: Kauppi campus, Arvo building, laboratory E343
Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is a thermodynamic technique that directly measures the heat released or absorbed during a biomolecular binding event. Measurement of this heat allows accurate determination of binding constants (KB), reaction stoichiometry (n), enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS), thereby providing a complete thermodynamic profile of the molecular interaction in a single experiment. With ITC, it is possible to directly measure sub-millimolar to nanomolar binding constants (10-2 to 10-9 M) and nanomolar to picomolar binding constants (10-9 to 10-12 M) by using the competitive binding technique. Moreover, ITC is true in-solution technique and therefore no labeling or immobilization is required. Location: Kauppi campus, Arvo building, laboratory E343
Biolayer interferometry (BLI) is technique, which is used to measure real-time, label-free analysis of biomolecular interactions and to provide information on affinity, kinetics and concentration. BLI technology monitors the binding of proteins and other biomolecules to their partners in real time. The binding interaction is continuously monitored by measuring the change in thickness of the protein layer on the biosensor tip. The method has no need to label the protein with fluorescent or chromogenic tags, thus eliminating interference issues. In addition, instrument uses 96 or 384 plates and 16 parallel sensors enabling high throughput assays. Location: Kauppi campus, Arvo building, laboratory E343
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) use an optical method to measure the refractive index near a sensor surface in order to detect an interaction of one molecule that is immobilised onto the sensor’s surface. Method is used e.g. to search for binding partners or most commonly to measure kinetics of an interaction, i.e. the rates of complex formation (ka) and dissociation (kd). The previous parameters can be determined from the information in a sensorgram. Location: Kauppi campus, Arvo building, laboratory E301
Multimode plate reader. Tecan Spark multimode plate reader can measure multiple different techniques including absorbance, luminescence, fluorescence intensity, fluorescence polarization, time-resolved fluorescence, FRET, as well as AlphaScreen, AlphaLISA and AlphaPlex. It can read microplates up to 1536 wells and has a temperature control from 18 to 42 °C. Instrument has both monochromators and filters allowing flexible wavelength selection with high measurement sensitivity. Location: Kauppi campus, Arvo building, laboratory E343
Protein crystallization. Protein crystallization facility is equipped with Oryx8 crystallization robot for setting up crystallization experiments and Formulatrix Rock Imagers RI2 and RI54 for imaging of crystallization plates. Crystallization screening can be done with sitting-drop and hanging-drop vapor-diffusion methods as well as microbatch under oil method in 96-well format. Commercial and in-house protein crystallization screens are available. Dedicated space at room temperature, 20 and 16 and 4 °C incubators are available for incubation of crystallization plates. Tools for crystal handling, freezing, and shipment to synchrotrons are available. Location: Kauppi campus, Arvo building, laboratory E327
A mass photometer(MP) allows the precise determination of the mass of a single molecule in solution without the need for labels. The method is based on light scattering microscopy and can quickly and easily measure the mass of proteins, DNA/RNA molecules, macromolecules and even viruses. The measurement range of the Refey TwoMP instrument is 30 kDa - 5 MDa and the optimal sample concentration is 5 - 20 nM. Key applications besides mass determination are protein-protein interactions, DNA-protein interactions, protein oligomerisation, complex formation. Location: Kauppi campus, Arvo building, laboratory E343
Protein Simple Jess is a compact protein analyzer that provides a fast and efficient way to analyze the quantity and qualitative characteristics of proteins. Jess uses capillary electrophoresis to separate and quantify proteins, enabling precise and reliable results with small sample amounts. Its automated functions make it an ideal tool for protein analysis in laboratories requiring fast and dependable results. Location: Kauppi campus, Arvo building, laboratory E223
The Avestin Emulsiflex C3 is a lab scale, electric motor driven, high pressure homogeniser that rapidly reduces particles and droplets from micron to nanometer sizes. Location: Kauppi campus, Arvo building, laboratory E342
Protein Service (PS) offers recombinant protein expression, protein purification and biophysical characterization for drug discovery and life science research. The service is available for all users, but non-academic users are invited to inquire about the price.
Three expression systems (bacteria, insect and mammalian cells) are currently available and they offer potential for large variety of different types of proteins. Potential customer is asked to contact the coordinator of the facility for further information in case the selection of the suitable expression system is not straightforward.
The facility offers hands-on counselling concerning protein expression methods and expression vectors, but customer is typically responsible for the preparation of the expression vector. Synthetic genes of interest can be directly ordered by the service on the behalf of the customer. Typical workflow includes pilot scale protein production and purification, scale-up to liter scale, protein isolation and purification and finally, protein characterization by various biochemical and biophysical methods including interaction assays.
Note: Protein Service is capable only work with Biosafety level 1 products.
Order Form
Protein Service Order Form includes:
Research Agreement – Business Operations (University of Tampere)
General terms and conditions – Business Operations (University of Tampere)
Acknowledgement
All users are obliged to acknowledge the service provided by Tampere facility of Protein Services and the Biocenter Finland in their publications:
“The authors acknowledge the services provided by Tampere Protein Services and the Biocenter Finland”
Prices for academic users
SERVICE
PRICE
E. coli expression and characterization
Transformation per plasmid
20 €
Production of a pre-culture from a tested clone
20 €
5 L Bacterial expression culture from pre-culture*
300 €
Affinity Chromatography**
150 €
Concentration and buffer change of protein sample
25 €
SDS-PAGE with Coomassie staining
50 €
SDS-PAGE with Oriole staining
70 €
SDS-PAGE with Silver staining
80 €
Immunoblotting***
100 €
ITC analysis per sample
50 €
ITC equipment usage per day****
100 €
DSC analysis per sample (Minimum charge 3 samples)
20 €
DLS analysis per sample
20 €
SPR analysis per run***
50 €
Freeze drying per sample
10 €
Octet BLI measurement (sensors do not include)
25 €
BEVS
Bacmid production (20 € x 6)
120 €
Transfection Sf9 (HighFive 60 €)
50 €
Optimization of the production by post infection follow up
60 €
Pilot purification assay
40 €
Scale up 1st 500 ml
125 €
Scale up 2nd and following 500 mls
75 €
Mammalian cell expression system
Transfection and selection
150 €
Cell adaptation
100 €
Scale up 1 L
200 €
Concentration
350 €
Multimode plate reader
free
Protein crystallization
enquire
Protein Service reserves the right to price adjustments.
*
Includes basic reagents and cell collection
**
Affinity matrix will be charged separately
***
Customer provides / pays for the antibody or SPR sensors
****
User must attain tutoring for usage before starting experiments
Prices for non-academic users
Please inquire!
Reference Publications
Progression of herpesvirus infection remodels mitochondrial organization and metabolism
Simon Leclerc, Visa Ruokolainen, Alka Gupta, Axel Ekman, Jian-Hua Chen, Sergey Kapishnikov, Eric Dufour, Vesa Hytonen, Eva Pereiro, Tony McEnroe, Kenneth Fahy, Carolyn Larabell, Venera Weinhardt, Vesa Aho, Maija Vihinen-Ranta. Biophysical Journal 123 (3), 521a. 2024
Structural mechanism for inhibition of PP2A-B56α and oncogenicity by CIP2A
Karolina Pavic, Nikhil Gupta, Judit Domènech Omella, Rita Derua, Anna Aakula, Riikka Huhtaniemi, Juha A Määttä, Nico Höfflin, Juha Okkeri, Zhizhi Wang, Otto Kauko, Roosa Varjus, Henrik Honkanen, Daniel Abankwa, Maja Köhn, Vesa P Hytönen, Wenqing Xu, Jakob Nilsson, Rebecca Page, Veerle Janssens, Alexander Leitner, Jukka Westermarck. Nature Communications 14 (1), 1143. 2023
Hepcidin is potential regulator for renin activity
Jaakko Piesanen, Jarkko Valjakka, Sanna Niemelä, Marjut Borgenström, Seppo Nikkari, Vesa Hytönen, Juha Määttä, Tarja Kunnas. Plos one 17 (4), e0267343. 2022
Stable immobilisation of His-tagged proteins on BLI biosensor surface using cobalt
Auer S, Azizi L, Faschinger F, Blazevic V, Vesikari T, Gruber HJ, Hytönen VP. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical. 2017 May 243:104-113.
Structural characterization of core-bradavidin in complex with biotin
Agrawal N, Määttä JAE, Kulomaa MS, Hytönen VP, Johnson MS, Airenne TT. PLoS One. 2017 Apr 20;12(4):e0176086
Transglutaminase 2-specific coeliac disease autoantibodies induce morphological changes and signs of inflammation in the small-bowel mucosa of mice
Kalliokoski S, Piqueras VO, Frías R, Sulic AM, Määttä JA, Kähkönen N, Viiri K, Huhtala H, Pasternack A, Laurila K, Sblattero D, Korponay-Szabó IR, Mäki M, Caja S, Kaukinen K, Lindfors K. Amino Acids. 2017 Mar;49(3):529-540
Artificial Avidin-Based Receptors for a Panel of Small Molecules. Lehtonen SI, Tullila A, Agrawal N, Kukkurainen S, Kähkönen N, Koskinen M, Nevanen TK, Johnson MS, Airenne TT, Kulomaa MS, Riihimäki TA, Hytönen VP. ACS Chem Biol. 2016 11(1):211-21
The Minor Capsid Protein VP11 of Thermophilic Bacteriophage P23-77 Facilitates Virus Assembly by Using Lipid-Protein Interactions.
Pawlowski A, Moilanen AM, Rissanen IA, Määttä JA, Hytönen VP, Ihalainen JA, Bamford JK. J Virol. 2015 Aug;89(15):7593-603